Detailed Contents of 4th Semester

RATIONALE

Diploma holders in Civil Engineering are supposed to supervise concreting operations involving proportioning, mixing, transporting, placing, compacting, finishing and curing of concrete. To perform above functions, it is essential to impart knowledge and skills regarding ingredients of concrete and their properties; properties of concrete in Plastic and hardened stage, water cement ratio and workability; proportioning for ordinary concrete; form work; concreting operations and joints in concrete. Hence this subject

1. Introduction: 

Definition of concrete, brief introduction to properties of concrete, advantage of concrete, uses of concrete in comparison to other building materials

2. Ingredients of Concrete:

2.1 Cement: 
The chemical ingredients causing changes in properties, situations of use and special precautions in the use of following types of cements: Ordinary portland cement, rapid hardening cement, low heat cement, high alumina cement, blast furnace slag cement, quick setting, white and coloured cements, portland pozzolana cement

2.2 Aggregates: 

• 2.2.1 Classification of aggregates according to source , size and shape
• 2.2.2 Characteristics of aggregates: Particle size and shape, crushed and rounded aggregates, surface texture, specific gravity of aggregate; bulk density, water absorption, surface moisture, bulking of sand, deleterious materials in the aggregate; 
• 2.2.3 Grading of aggregates; coarse aggregate, fine aggregate; All in aggregate; fineness modulus; interpretation grading charts and combination of two aggregates

2.3 Water: 

Limits on the impurities as per IS; effect of excessive impurities on concrete, ascertaining the suitability of water with help of concrete cube test

• 3.1 Properties in plastic stage, workability, segregation, bleeding
• 3.2 Properties of hardened concrete: strength, durability, impermeability, dimensional changes;

• 4.1 Hydration of Cement, effect of various water cement ratios on the physical structure of hydrated cement, water cement ratio law and the conditions under which the law is valid; internal moisture, temperature, age and size of specimen
• 4.2 Definition of cube strength of concrete, relations between water cement ratio and strength of concrete
• 4.3 Use of CRRI charts and BIS Codes

• 5.1 Definition, phenomenon of workability, concept of internal friction, segregation and harshness; factors affecting workability; water content; shape, size and percentage of fineness passing 300 micron
• 5.2 Measurement of workability: slump test and compaction factor test; recommended slumps for placement in various conditions of placement.

• 6.1 Object of mix design, strength required for various grades from IS 456, preliminary test, cube test, proportioning for ordinary mix as prescribed by BIS and its intepretation
• 6.2 Adjustment on site for: Bulking water contents, absorption, workability, design datas for moisture, bulkage, absorption and suitable fine aggregate and coarse aggregate ratio
• 6.3 Difference between ordinary and controlled concrete. Introduction to no fines concrete

7.1 Concept of factors affecting the design of form work (shuttering and staging)

7.2 Materials used for form work (including new materials)

7.3 Sketches of form work for column, beam and slab

7.4 Precautions to be taken before during and after RCC construction

7.5 Stripping time for form work as per BIS (no problem on the design of form work)

7.6 Removal of form work

8.1 New Materials:

• 8.1.1 Materials for light weight concrete
• 8.1.2 Flyash 
• 8.1.3 Materials for high strength concrete
• 8.1.4 Accelerators and retarders
• 8.1.5 Air entraining agents
• 8.1.6 Water reducing and set controlling agents
• 8.1.7 Water proofing agents 
• 8.1.8 Special bonding agents like epoxy
• 8.1.9 Polymer concrete

8.2 Concreting under special conditions

• 8.2.1 Cold weather concreting
• 8.2.2 Under water concreting
• 8.2.3 Hot weather concreting
• 8.2.4 Special locations i.e. mass concreting, high strength concreting

9.1 Storing of Cement:

• 9.1.1 Storing of cement in a warehouse
• 9.1.2 Storing of cement at site
• 9.1.3 Effect of storage on strength of cement
• 9.1.4 Determination of warehouse capacity for storage of Cement

• 9.2 Storing of Aggregate: 

• Storing of an aggregate on site for maintaining uinformity of moisture and cleanliness

• 9.3 Batching

• 9.3.1 Batching of Cement
• 9.3.2 Batching aggregate by:

• 9.3.2.1 Volume, using gauge box (farma) selection of proper gauge box
• 9.3.2.2 Weight spring balances and by batching machines

• 9.3.3 Measurement of water

• 9.4 Mixing:

• 9.4.1 Hand mixing
• 9.4.2 Machine mixing - types of mixers, capacities of operation of mixers

• 9.5 Transportation of concrete: 

• Transportation with and situations of use of the following: pans, wheel, barrows, truck mixers, chutes, belt conveyors, pumps, tower crane and hoists etc.

• 9.6 Placement of concrete

• 9.6.1 Prior preparation before placement; when put on natural soil, rocky base, specially prepared sub base (brick soling and water bound macadam base), hardened concrete base, checking of form work, checking provision for joints

  9.6.2 Placement of concrete - precautions to be taken.

• 9.7 Compaction

• 9.7.1 Hand compaction - pavement, narrow and deep members

  9.7.2 Machine compaction - types of vibrators internal screed vibrators and form vibrators, methods of handling screed vibrators and immersion vibrators, suitability of concrete mixes for compaction with vibrators

  9.7.3 Selection of suitable vibrators for various situations

• 9.8 Finishing concrete slabs - screeding, floating and trowelling
• 9.9 Curing

• 9.9.1 Object of curing, method of curing, shading concrete works, covering surfaces with besian, gunny bags, sprinkling of water, ponding method and membrane curing, steam curing
• 9.9.2 Recommended duration for curing and removal of removal of form work

• 9.10 Jointing

• Location of construction joints, treatment of construction joint before the concrete is poured, concreting at these joints, expansion joints in concrete in buildings - their importance and location

ii) To determine flakiness index and elongation index of coarse aggregate (IS 2386 - Part I)

iii) Field method to determine fine silt in aggregate

iv) Determination of specific gravity and water absorption of aggregates (IS: 2386-Part III for aggregates of size 40 mm to 10 mm)

v) Determination of bulk density and voids of aggregates (IS:2386 - Part III)

vi) Determination of surface moisture in fine aggregate by displacement method (IS: 2383 - Part III)

vii) Determination of particle size distribution of fine, coarse and all in aggregate by sieve analysis (grading of aggregate)

viii) To determine necessary adjustment for bulking of fine aggregate by field method (IS: 2383 - Part III)

ix) Test for workability (slump test):

a) To verify the effect of water, fine aggregate/coarse aggregate ratio and aggregate/Cement ratio on slump

b) To test cube strength of concrete with varying water cement ratio

xi) Non destructive test on concrete 

a) Rebound Hammer Test

b) Ultrasound test

ii) Kulkarni, PD; Ghosh, RK and Phull, YR; "Text Book of Concrete Technology"; New Delhi Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.

iii) Krishnamurthy, KT; Rao, A Kasundra and Khandekar, AA; "Concrete Technology"; Delhi, Dhanpat Rai and Sons.

iv) Gupta BL; "Text Book of Concrete Technology";Standard Publishers

v) Varshney, RS;"Concrete Technology";New Delhi, Oxford and IBH Publishing

vi) Neville, AM;"Properties of Concrete";London, Pitman (ELBS Edition available)

vii) Orchard;"Concrete Technology"; Vol I, II, and III

viii) Handoo, BL; and Puri, LD;"Concrete Technology"; New Delhi, Satya Prakashan

ix) Vazirani, VN; and Chandola, SP;"Concrete Technology";Delhi, Khanna Publishers

x) Gambhir, ML; "Concrete Technology"; New Delhi, Tata McGrow Hill Ltd., New Delhi

xi) Gambhir, ML; "Laboratory Manaul for quality control of concrete"; Dhanpat Rai & sons.
 

RATIONALE

This is a basic engineering subject. The purpose of the subject is to impart basic knowledge and skill regarding properties of materials, concept of stress and strain, bending moment and shear force diagrams, second moment of area, bending and shear stresses, slope and deflection and analysis of trusses. The above knowledge will be useful for designing simple structural components. This subject is very important to develop basic concepts and principles related to structural mechanics. This subject will also enable the students to continue their further study in the subjects of Steel Structural Design and Concrete Structural Design.

• 1.1 Classification of materials, elastic materials, plastic materials, ductile materials, brittle maerials.
• 1.2 Tensile test, compressive test, impact test, fatigue test, torsion test.

• 2.1 Concept of stress, normal and shear stresses, stresses due to torsion.
• 2.2 Concept of strain, strain and deformation, longitudinal and latiral strain, poison's ratio, Volumetric strain
• 2.3 Hooke's law, modulii of elasticity and rigidity, Bulk modulus of elasticity, relationship between the elastic constants.
• 2.4 Stresses and strains in bars subjected to tension and compression. Extension of uniform bar under its own weight, stress produced in compound bars (two or three)due to axial load.
• 2.5 Stress-strain diagram for mild steel, mechanical properties, factor of safety. 
• 2.6 Temperature stresses and strains

3.1 Concept of a beam and supports (Hinges, Roller and Fixed), types of beams: Simply supported, cantilever, fixed and continuous beams.

3.2 Types of loads (point, uniformly distributed and varying loads)

3.3 Concept of bending moment and shear force, sign conventions

3.4 Bending Moment and shear force diagrams for cantilever, simply supported and overhanging beams subjected to concentrated, uniformly distributed and uniformly varying loads (B.M. and S.F. diagrams should preferably be drawn on graph paper.

3.5 Relationship between load, shear force and bending moment, point of maximum bending moment and contraflexure.

• 4.1 Concept of second moment of area, radius of gyration
• 4.2 Theorems of parallel and perpendicular axes
• 4.3 Second moment of area for sections of: Rectangle, Triangle, Circle,Trapezium, Angle, Tee, I, Channel and Compound sections. (No Derivation)

• 5.1 Theory of simple bending
• 5.2 Application of the equation M / I = s / Y = E / R (No derivation is required )
• 5.3 Moment of resistance, sectional modulus and permissible bending stresses in circular, rectangular, I, T and L sections; Comparison of strengths of the above sections.
• 5.4 Concept of Shear-stresses in beams, Shear-stress distribution in rectangular, I and T section (Formula to be stated, no derivation)

• 6.1 Necessity for determination of deflection
• 6.2 Moment area theorems (no derivation)
• 6.3 Computation of slopes and deflections using moment area theorems for:

(a) Simply supported beam with UDL over entire span and concentrated load at any point

(b) Cantilever with UDL over entire span and concentrated load at free end

Theory of columns, Euler's , Rankine's and I.S. formulae.

8. Combined Direct and Bending Stresses

• 8.1 Concentric and eccentric loads, eccentricity
• 8.2 Effect of eccentric load on the section, stresses due to eccentric loads, examples in the case of short columns.
• 8.3 Effect of wind pressure on walls and chimneys; water pressure on dams and earth pressure on retaimg walls their causes of failures and their stability.

• 9.1 Concept of a frame, perfect, redundant and deficient frame, End supports, ideal and practical trusses.
• 9.2 Analysis of trusses by:

(a) Method of joints

(b) Method of sections and 

(c) Graphical method

1) Determination of yield stress, ultimate stress, percentage elongation and plot the stress strain diagram and compute the value of Young's modulus on mild steel

2) Determination of Young's modulus of elasticity for steel wire with Searl's apparatus

3) Determination of modulus of rupture of a timber beam

4) Determination of maximum deflection and Young's modulus of elasticity in simply supported beam with load at middle third

5) Verification of forces in a framed structure

) Vazirani, VN and Ratwani, MM., "Analysis of Structures Vol. I", Delhi, Khanna Publishers.

ii) Ramamrutham, S., "Strength of Materials", New Delhi Dhanpat Rai and Sons.

iii) Punmia, BC., "Strength of Materials", Delhi, Standard Publishers Distributors.

iv) Natrajan, V., "Elements of Strength of Materials", New Delhi, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.

v) Ram Chandra, "Applied Mechanics and Strength of Materials", Delhi: Standard Publishers.

The important functions of a Civil Engineering technician includes the jobsof detailed surveying, plotting of survey data, preparation of survey maps and setting out works 

While froming the curriculum for the subject of surveying, stress has bneen given to the development of the skill in each type of survey like chain vurveying, compass surveying and levelling that the Civil Engineering diploma holder will normally be called upon to perform.

While framing the curriculum for the subject of surveying, stress has been given to the development of the skill in each type of survey like chain surveying, compass surveying and levelling that the Civil Engineering diploma holder will normally be called upon to perform. 

Field work should be a selected one so that student can check his work and have an idea of the results the extent of error in the work done by him. As far as possible, the surveys don should be got plotted, as this will also reveal errors in the work and develop skill in plotting.

1. INTROUDUCTION

• 1.1 Content of surveying, purpose of surveying, measurements-linear and angular, units of measurements classification of survey based on instruments.
• 1.2 Instruments used for taking these measurement, classification fo survey based on instruments.
• 1.3 Basic principles of surveying

• 2.1 Purpose of chain surveying, prinicples of chain surveying.
• 2.2 Equipment used in chain surveying, chain, tpes, ranging rods, arrows, pegs, cross staffs, Indian otical square - their contruction and use.
• 2.3 Different operations in chain surveying

• 2.3.1 Ranging (Direct/indirect)

  2.3.2 Offsets (perpendicular/obliqre)

  2.3.3 Chanining (flat and sloping ground)

2.4 Conducting chain survey over an area, recording the field data, plotting the chain survey, conventional signs.

2.5 Obstacles in chain surveying

• 2.5.1 Errors in chain surveying.
• 2.5.2 Correction for erroneous length of chain, simple problems on this.

2.6 Testing and adjustment of chain and Indian optical square.

• 3.1 Purpose of compass surveying. Construction and working of prismatic compass, use of prismatic compass: Setting and taking observations.
• 3.2 Concept of :

• a) Meridian - Magenetic and true

  b) Bearing - Magnetic, True and Arbitrary

  c) Whole circle bearing and reduced bearing

  d) Magnetic dip and declinataion

• 3.3 Local attraction - causes, detection, errors and correction,problems on local attraction, magnetic declination calculation of included angles in a compass traverse
• 3.4 Concept of a traverse - Open and closed. Traversing with a compass. Checks for an open and closed traverse, plotting atraverse, plotting a traverse - By included end deflection angles, concept of closing error, adjustment oftraverses graphically by propertionate method.

4.1 Purpose of levelling, concept of a level surface. horizontal surface, vertical surface, datum, reduced level and bench marks.

4.2 Principle and construction of Dumpy and I.O.P. (Tilting) levels. 

4.3 Concepts of line of collimation, axis of the bubble tube, axis of the telescope and vertical axis.

4.4 Levelling staff: single piece, folding, sopwith, invar precision staff

        4.5 Temporary adjustment: setting up and levelling, adjusting for parallax of Dumpy and I.O.P. level,     Differential levelling.

         4.6 Concept of back sight, foresight, intermediate sight, station change point, height of instrument.

         4.7 Level book and reduction of levels by

 4.7.1 Height of collimation method and

4.7.2 Rise and fall method.

 4.8 Arithemtic checks, problem on reduction of levels, fly levelling, check levelling and profile levelling (L - section and X - section ), errors in levelling, and precautions to minimise them and permissible limits, reciprocal levelling, testing and adjustment of lOP level. Numerical problems

1. Chain surveying 

i) a) Ranging a line

  b) Chaining a line and recording in the field work

  c) Testing and adjustment of chain

  d) Taking offsets - perpendicular and oblique (with a tape only)

  e) Setting out right angle with a tape

ii) a) Chaining of a line involving reciprocal ranging

   b) Taking off sets and setting out right angles, with corss staff and Indian optical square

iii) Chain survey of a small area (field work and plotting)

iv) Chaining a line involving obstacles to ranging

2. Compass Surveying 

v) a) Study of prismatic compass

   b) Setting the compass and taking onservations

   c) Measuring angles between the lines meeting at a point

vi) Traversing with the prismatic compass and chain a closed traverse (Recording and plotting by included angles)

3. Levelling

viii) a) Study of dumpy level and levelling staff

     b) Temporaray adjustements of a Dumpy level

    c) Taking staff readings on different stations from the single setting and finding differ-         ences of level between them. 

ix) a) Study of IOP level

    b) Its temporary adjustments

    c) Taking staff readings on different stations from the single setting and finding differ- ences of level between them

         xi)  Setting of gradient by dumpy and IOP level

i) Narinder Singh; "Surveying"; New Delhi Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co Ltd.

ii) Hussain, SK and Nagraj, MS; "Text Book of Surveying"; New Delhi, S Chand and Co Ltd.

iii) Deshpande, RS; "A Text Book Surveying and Levelling"; Poona, Unted Book Corporation

iv) Kocher, CL; "A Text Book of surveying"; Delhi, Dhanpat Rai Publishing House.

v) Kanetkar, TP and Kulkarni, SV.,"Surveying and Levelling", Poona, AVG Parkashan. 

RATIONALE

Diploma holders in civil engineering have to supervise the construction of canals, headworks, river training works, cross drainage works, regulatory and other works. Some of diploma holders are also engaged for preventing water logging and irrigation by tubewells. This subject imparts knowledge regarding hydrology, flow irrigation - storage and distribution system, constructional features of head works, river training works, cross drainage works, causes and prevention of water logging and construction of tubewells.

• 1.1 Definition of irrigation
• 1.2 Necessity of irrigation
• 1.3 History of development of irrigation in India
• 1.4 Types of irrigation
• 1.5 Sources of irrigation water

• 2.1 Definition of rainfall and run-off. Catchment area, Dicken's and Ryve's formulae
• 2.2 Types of rain gauges - Autometic and non-autometic
• 2.3 Stream gauging

• 3.1 Definition of crop season
• 3.2 Duty, Delta and Base Period, their relationship
• 3.3 Gross command area, culturable command area, Intensity of Irrigation, Irrigable area
• 3.4 Water requirement of different crops - Kharif and Rabi

• 4.1 Types of wells - shallow and deep well, aquifer types, ground water flow, construction of open wells and tubewells
• 4.2 Yield of an open/tube well and problems
• 4.3 Methods of lifting water - Manual and mechanical devices, use of wind mills

• 5.1 Irrigation canals
• 5.2 Perennial irrigation
• 5.3 Different parts of irrigation canals and their functions
• 5.4 Sketches of different canal cross-sections
• 5.5 Classification of canals according to their alignment
• 5.6 Design of irrigation canals - Chezy's formula, Mannings formula, Kennedy's and Lacey's silt theories and equations, comparison of above two silt theories, critical velocity ratio
• 5.7 Various types of canal lining - Advantages and disadvantages

• 6.1 Definition, object, general layout, functions of different parts of head works
• 6.2 Difference between weir and barrage

• 7.1 Functions and explanation of terms used
• 7.2 Cross and head regulators
• 7.3 Falls
• 7.4 Energy dissipaters
• 7.5 Outlets - different types
• 7.6 Escapes

• 8.1 Functions and necessity of the following types: aqueduct, syphon, superpassage, level crossing, inlet and outlet
• 8.2 Constructional detail of the above

• 9.1 Earthen dams - types, causes of failure
• 9.2 Classification into masonry and concrete dams
• 9.3 Labelled cross section of gravity dam
• 9.4 Spillways - types and uses

• 10.1 Definition, causes and effects, detection, prevention and remedies
• 10.2 Surface and sub-surface drains and their layout

• 11.1 Introduction, occurrence of ground water, location and command, advantages of tube wells
• 11.2 Tube wells, explanation of terms water table, radius of influence, depression head, cone of depression, confined and unconfined aquifers
• 11.3 Types of tube wells and their choice-cavity, strainer and slotted type;
• 11.4 Method of construction boring, installation of well assembly, development of well, pump selection and installation and maintenance

1. Singhal, RP; `A Text Book on Irrigation Engineering', Singhal publications

2. Bharat Singh, `Fundamentals of Irrigation Engineering', Roorkee, Nem Chand and Bros

3. Garg, Santosh Kumar, `Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulics Structures', Delhi, Khanna Publishers

4. Punmia, BC; and Pande Brij Bansi Lal, `Irrigation and Water Power Engineering', Delhi, Standard Publishers Distributors

5. Sharma, RK; `Text Book of Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulics Structures', New Delhi, Oxford and IBH Publishing Company

6. Sharma, SK; `Principles and Practice of Irrigation Engineering', New Delhi, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.

RATIONALE

One of the basic necessities of life is water which is not easily available to a lot of people. Providing potable water at the first place then collection and disposal of waste solids and liquids are important activities of civil engineering field. This subject provides basic knowledge and skills in the field of water supply system and waste disposal system. Classroom instructions should be suplimented by field visits to show functional details of water supply and waste disposal systems. It will also be advantageous to invite professionals from field to deliver extension lectures on specialised operations.

1. INTRODUCTION :

Necessity and brief discription of water supply system.

• 2.1 Water requirement
• 2.2 Rate of demand and variation in rate of demand
• 2.3 Per capita consumption for domestic, industrial, public and fire fighting uses as per BIS standards
• 2.4 Population Forecasting

• 3.1 Surface water sources,their quality and suitability
• 3.2 Sub surface water sources, quality and suitability

• 4.1 Meaning of pure water and methods of analysis of water
• 4.2 Physical, Chemical and bacteriological tests and their significance
• 4.3 Standard of potable water as per Indian Standard and International standards 
• 4.4 Maintainence of purity of water

• 5.1 Sedimentation - purpose, types of sedimentation tanks
• 5.2 Coagulation floculation - usual coagulation and their feeding
• 5.3 Filtration - significance, types of filters, their suitability
• 5.4 Necessity of disinfection of water, forms of chlorination, break point chlorine, residual chlorine, application of chlorine.
• 5.5 Flow diagram of different treatment units, functions of (i) Areation fountain (ii) mixer (iii) floculator, (iv) clasifier, (v) slow and rapid sand filters (vi) chlorination chamber

• 6.1 Different types of pipes - cast iron, PVC steel, asbestos cement, concrete and lead pipes. Their suitability and uses, types of joints in different types of pipes.
• 6.2 Appurtenances: Sluice, air, reflux valves, relief valves, scour valves, bib cocks, stop cocks, fire hydrants, water meters their working and uses
• 6.3 Distribution site: Requirement of distribution, minimum head and rate, methods of layout of distribution pipes 

• 6.3.1 Systems of water supply - Intermittent and continuous service reservoirs - types, necessity and accessories.
• 6.3.2 Wastage of water - preventive measures
• 6.3.3 Maintenance of distribution system

• 7.1 Setting out alignment of pipes
• 7.2 Excavation for laying of pipes and precautions to be taken
• 7.3 Handling, lowering beginning and jointing of pipes
• 7.4 Testing of pipe lines
• 7.5 Back filling
• 7.6 Use of boring rods

• 8.1 General principles as per indian standards
• 8.2 Connections to water main
• 8.3 Water supply fixtures and installations
• 8.4 Hot and cold water supply.
• 8.5 Estimation of pipe sizes

1. Introduction:

• 1.1 Purpose of sanitation
• 1.2 Necessity of systematic collection and disposal of waste
• 1.3 Definition of terms in sanitary engineering
• 1.4 Collection and conveyance of sewage
• 1.5 Conservancy and water carriage systems, their advantages and disadvantages

• 2.1 Domestic sludge, industrial and storm water variation in flow
• 2.2 Minimum and maximum velocity, hydraulic formulae, sizes of sewers, , dry weather flow, use of tasks/monographs to determine relationship between gradient, diameter,discharge and velocity

• 3.1 Types of sewerage systems, materials for sewers,their sizes and joints
• 3.2 Appurtenance: Location, function and construction features. Manholes, drop manholes, tank hole, catch basin, inverted siphon, flushing tanks grease and oil traps, storm regulators, ventilating shafts

• 4.1 Setting out/alignment of sewers
• 4.2 Excavations, checking the gradient with boring rods preparation of bedding, handling and jointing testing and back filling.
• 4.3 Construction of surface mains and different sections required

• 5.1 Properties of sewage, ISI standards for analysis of sewage
• 5.2 Physical, chemical and bacteriological tests

• 6.1 General composition of sewage and disposal methods
• 6.2 Disposal by dilution
• 6.3 Self purification of stream
• 6.4 Disposal by land treatment
• 6.5 Nuisance due to disposal

• 7.1 Meaning and principle of primary and secondary treatment and their flow diagrams
• 7.2 Constructional details of screens, grit chambers, detritus tanks, skimming tanks, plainsedimentation tanks, primary clarifers, secondary clarifers, filters, control beds, intermittent sand filters, trickling filters, sludge treatment and disposal,oxidation ponds

• 8.1 Action of sludge, methods of aeration;
• 8.2 Advantages of activated sludge process
• 8.3 Sludge digestion, sludge drying and sludge disposal

9.1 Aims of building drainage and its requirements

9.2 General layout at house drainage arrangement as per BIS: 1742

9.3 Different sanitary fittings and installations

9.4 Traps, seals, causes of breaking seals 

9.5 Testing of house drainage.

      A feild visit may be planned to explain and show the relevant things.

1) To determine turbidity of water sample

2) To determine dissolved oxygen of given sample

3) To determine pH value of water

4) To perform jar test for coagulation

5) To determine BOD of given sample

6) To determine residual chlorine in water

7) To determine conductivity of water and total dissolved solids

8) To study the installation of following:

a) Water meter

b) Connection of water supply of building with main

c) Pipe valves and bends

d) Water supply and sanitary fittings

10) To demonstrate the laying of SW pipes for sewers

1. Duggal, KN; "Elements of Public Health Engineering"; New Delhi, S. Chand and Co.

2. Rangwala, SC; "Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering"; Anand Charotar Book Stall

3. Kshirsagar, SR; "Water Supply Engineering"; Roorkee Publishing House

4. Kshirsagar, SR; "Sewage and Sewage Tratement"; Roorkee, Roorkee Publishing House

5. Hussain, SK; "Text Book of Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering"; New Delhi, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co

6. Birdie, GS; "Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering"; Delhi Dhanpat Rai and Sons

7. Garg, Santosh Kumar; "Water Supply Engineering"; Delhi Khanna Publishers

8. Garg, Santosh Kumar; "Sewage and Waste Water Disposal Engineering"; Delhi Khanna Publishers

9. Steel, EW; "Water Supply and Sewerage"; McGraw Hill.

10. Duggal, Ajay K and Sharma, Sanjay, "A Laboratory Manual in Public Health Engineering", New Delhi, New Age International (P) Publishers Ltd., 1977
 

RATIONALE

Diploma holders in Civil Engineering are expected to supervise construction of water supply and sewage treatment works and irrigation works. They are also responsible for waste disposal ativities. This subject aims at imparting skills for preparing water supply and sanitary engineering and irrigation drawings with a view to develop competencies for reading the drawings with a view of execution of above works and estimation of materials required for these works. Hence this subject.

1. Drains and Sewers

• 1.1 Cross section of standard types of open drains (circular, v-shaped and u-shaped) with their foundations
• 1.2 Cross section of earthen ware and RCC sewer pipes
• 1.3 Cross sections of masonry sewers (circular and egg shaped)

2.1 Detailed section of floor trap and gully trap

2.2 Detailed plan and section of an inspection chamber

2.3 Detailed plan and section of a manhole for the given data

3. Septic Tank and Soak pit

Detailed plan and cross-sections of a domestic septic tank and soak pit for 10 users with details of open jointed pipes as per IS 2470 Part I

4. Bath room and W.C connections:

• 4.1 Cross section through the external wall of lavatories at ground and first floor showing the single and double pipe system and the connections to the lavatory to inspection chamber
• 4.2 Plan of a bath room showing positions of lavatory, bath, wash basin taps, shower and towel rail

7. Typical cross-section of a channel

Typical cross section of an unlined and lined channel in cutting, partly cutting and partly filling and fully in filling

8. Well and Tube Well

Plan and cross section of tube well with pump house

9. A.P.M Outlet:

Working plan and L-section through an A.P.M outlet

10. Distributory falls:

Plan, cross section and L-section of a Central Design Office (CDO) type fall with details of wing wall, pitching, flooring and toe wall

11. Syphon aqueduct:

Detailed cross section and L-section of a syphon aqueduct from a given data

12. Culvert

Plan and cross section of a simple culvert